Then, discover the most fascinating facts from the entirety of ancient history. His tale was not believed and he was immediately put to death. On November 27, 176, Aurelius promoted 15-year-old Commodus to the rank of Imperator, which some say is a role similar to commander. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like Commodus' death means a new beginning for Rome. Under Commodus, Rome had descended from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Much like Nero had supposedly fiddled while Rome burned, Commodus enjoyed himself as the city decayed around him. Unlike the preceding emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, he seems to have had little interest in the business of administration and tended throughout his reign to leave the practical running of the state to a succession of favourites, beginning with Saoterus, a freedman from Nicomedia who had become his chamberlain. Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of Jupiter, the supreme god of the Roman pantheon. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. Commodus was a spoiled, narcissistic young man who was something of an embarrassment to his father. The following year he became the youngest emperor and consul up to that point, at the age of 16. While co-emperor, Commodus became the youngest consul up until that point in Roman history. The Eastern Tour - Chapter II: 4:01. Throughout his reign, Commodus entrusted the management of affairs to his palace chamberlain and praetorian prefects, named Saoterus, Perennis and Cleander. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs. The scene portrays the extent of Emperor Commodus malice and provides a realization of the vengeance sought by Maximus, following the crucifixion of his wife and child. In April 175, Avidius Cassius, Governor of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius had died. Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? Lucius joined Marcus in his campaign against invading German tribes along the Danube, but after the death of Marcus (March 180) he quickly came to terms with the Germans. Narcissus died by execution during the series of civil wars after Commodus's death. Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of, Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p.99 and. The ending, however sad to viewers, allows him to do that. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narcissus_(wrestler)&oldid=1135943613, This page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at 20:46. Commodus brought an end to his father's campaign against the Germans. Upon his ascension, Commodus devalued the Roman currency. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. Gladiator is a film invested in the concept of retribution. Well, kind of, but not really. Striking story! His tumultuous reign as emperor was the starting point for a period of Roman history that is viewed as having been filled with chaos and decline. To help answer that question, here are five of the key elements of the story and their historical precedents. While the true story behind his reign and death are fascinating, I prefer the fictional story, where he is killed in the arena before thousands of subjects by a gladiator whose family was ordered killed by the emperor. The first crisis of the reign came in 182, when Lucilla engineered a conspiracy against her brother. Jack is a feature writer for Screen Rant. On 15 October 184 at the Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. The Romans were outraged when Commodus would order wounded soldiers and amputees into the arena to be slayed. Hercules and the Hydra (ca. Disappointment aside, Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks. Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 March 180, leaving the 18-year-old Commodus as sole emperor.[18]. [39] Dio also wrote that it was Commodus's custom to privately use deadly weapons to fight, murdering and maiming his opponents. He was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. The first, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, Commodus put to death after becoming convinced he was conspiring against him. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. In the spring of 190, Rome was afflicted by a food shortage, for which the praefectus annonae Papirius Dionysius, the official actually in charge of the grain supply, contrived to lay the blame on Cleander. On the other hand, the real Emperor Commodus was even more outlandish than Gladiator's version in some ways, as he renamed Rome "the Colony of Commodus" at one point. Aside from the manner of his death in Gladiator, Commodus' onscreen depiction has a few other historical reworkings that help add spice to the plot, although some changes serve to tone down the character. By 192 A.D., the Roman people had had enough. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. Maximus : You would fight me? Although he's very well written, Maximus is more of a plot device to allow the . [44] Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on laurel leaves to conceal their laughter. The slave who became a gladiator. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Maximus is given a very clear ending, but what about the rest of Rome? so Romans had no choice but to obey Commodus. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. Unlike Maximus, they all let him win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then conceding, per LA Times. Lucilla was exiled to Capri and later killed. As he was physically strong, his chief interest was in sport: he took part in horse racing, chariot racing, and combat with beasts and men, mostly in private but also on occasion in public. However, he always spared their lives. [25], Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. There was a general, Pertinax, who was a friend of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded Commodus, and there was a gladiator, Narcissus, who killed the narcissistic Commodus (actually his own master at arms, who murdered him at home, in his . Whereas the reign of Marcus Aurelius had been marked by almost continuous warfare, Commodus's rule was comparatively peaceful in the military sense, but was also characterised by political strife and the increasingly arbitrary and capricious behaviour of the emperor himself. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. [27] Another event, as recorded by the historian Aelius Lampridius, took place at the Roman baths at Terme Taurine, where the emperor had an attendant thrown into an oven after he had found his bathwater to be lukewarm. The slave who became a gladiator. Bestowing the imperial title of Caesar upon Commodus at such a young age further shows Aurelius desperation for Commodus to be viewed and treated as royalty. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. [7], He was looked after by his father's physician, Galen,[8][9] who treated many of Commodus's common illnesses. It is the type of death indicative of Commodus notoriety as an emperor, which is fundamental to Gladiators plot, but the film is imaginative in its depiction of his death to provide closure to Maximus. Wikimedia CommonsAn illustration of the murder of Commmodus. Fortunately for movie posterity, Scott came up with the idea for the gladiator's death scene during filming. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, Ti. But wait, wasn't Commodus killed by a Gladiator? Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since Vespasian to have a legitimate biological son, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called Five Good Emperors, also known as the Adoptive Emperors, each of whom had adopted his successor. schizoform/ CC BY 2.0 Painting, Hercules and the Hydra, Public Domain, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica. Commodus was the son of marcus Marcus Aurelius and later Roman Emperor. Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p.7. ( Naughtynimitz/CC BY-SA 3.0 ). He gave Rome a new name, Colonia Commodiana (Colony of Commodus), and imagined that he was the god Hercules, entering the arena to fight as a gladiator or to kill lions with bow and arrow. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. In addition to Galens medical attention and treatment, Commodus was also highly educated, with little focus on military training. He took the throne as regent, but was killed by Maximus in the Colosseum. [28][29], His original name was Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Commodus (/kmds/;[4] 31 August 161 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. In hindsight, he should have kept the tradition of adopting his successor, which would have resulted in an appointment based on merit. Commodus butchered dozens of animals in single appearances at the Colosseum on other occasions. As promised in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Empero Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? [40][41] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. "Back!" he cried. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. A bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. All the months of the year were renamed to correspond exactly with his (now twelve) names: Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, Exsuperatorius, Amazonius, Invictus, Felix, and Pius. Commodus never killed his gladiatorial adversaries, instead accepting their surrenders. Striking story! In 177 Lucius was made coruler and heir to his father, the emperor Marcus Aurelius (reigned 161180). Commodus would enter the arena in the garb of Mercury and casting aside all his other garments, would begin his exhibition wearing only a tunic and unshod.. Ultimately, it is believed that Commodus outlandish behavior led to his eventual assassination. In 195, the emperor Septimius Severus, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus's memory and had the Senate deify him. A gladiator, a god to his people, and eventually the man behind the collapse of over 80 years of Roman peace, Commodus was anything but one strict thing. Commodus murders his father (Richard Harris) to gain power, orders the death of war hero Maximus (Russell Crowe) in order to circumvent any possible challenge to his rule, puts the moves on his. This caused much outrage, and inspired prefect Laetus to start a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor. Commodus's death marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. One of these is Commodus' relationship with his sister Lucilla. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. Her husband, Pompeianus, was not involved, but two men alleged to have been her lovers, Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus (the consul of 167, who was also her first cousin) and Appius Claudius Quintianus, attempted to murder Commodus as he entered a theater. The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Watching him collapse and die after restoring his own freedom and ridding Rome of its Tyrant in Chief seems like, well, a downer. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Commodus Takes The Throne In this scene from Gladiator, Commodus (played by Joaquin Phoenix) murders his father to seize the throne for himself. Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia ein rmisches Heilbad. From 180 to his death in 192, Commodus was the only emperor.. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. The Death of Commodus, from a history book published in 1900. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Known for their equestrian skills and bravery in battle, they played a crucial role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. Gladiator is clearly influenced by aspects of history, but its specific storyline is definitively imaginative. Intro: 0:00. Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. Commodus (Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was Roman emperor from 177 to 192. In December, he announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January. Bust of Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin and the club. Updates? However, in private practice fights, Commodus would slay his opponents. And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? Despite Maximus being a fictional character, the athlete Narcissus is one of the multiple historical figures serving as the likely inspiration for Gladiator's protagonist. A former Roman General sets out to exact vengeance against the corrupt emperor who murdered his family and sent him into slavery. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. The Five Good Emperors, ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed a rational freedom.. On 31 December, Marcia poisoned Commodus's food, but he vomited up the poison, so the conspirators sent his wrestling partner Narcissus to strangle him in his bath.[24]. Also, in Britain in 184, the governor Ulpius Marcellus re-advanced the Roman frontier northward to the Antonine Wall, but the legionaries revolted against his harsh discipline and acclaimed another legate, Priscus, as emperor. It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus reign, for once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. Wikimedia CommonsEmperor Commodus lust for power is widely credited with bringing an end to the fabled Pax Romana. On this channel we focus on Roman History and right now we're doing a video on every Roman Emperor, if you're interested in that subscribe or watch the playlist here: https://bit.ly/32CUA2g. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! 1. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. The gladiator who defied an emperor. And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. Commodus: The general who became a slave. [10] Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, Titus Aius Sanctus, and Pitholaus are mentioned.[10][11]. Heinz, W. (1986). It's ironic that we watched the film Gladiator the other night. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. Ein Gladiator (lateinisch gladiator zu gladius fr . Commodus took the loss of Saoterus badly, and Perennis now seized the chance to advance himself by implicating Paternus in a second conspiracy, one apparently led by Publius Salvius Julianus, who was the son of the jurist Salvius Julianus and was betrothed to Paternus's daughter. Before his death, the Emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus, and a power struggle leaves . The gladiator who defied an emperor. However, just when the days of the mad emperors seemed long gone, Commodus brought the madness roaring back. Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. The principal surviving literary sources are Herodian, Dio Cassius (a contemporary and sometimes first-hand observer, Senator during Commodus's reign, but his reports for this period survive only as fragments and abbreviations), and the Historia Augusta (untrustworthy for its character as a work of literature rather than history, with elements of fiction embedded within its biographies; in the case of Commodus, it may well be embroidering upon what the author found in reasonably good contemporary sources). Gladiator is somewhat historically accurate in its final scenes, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. As the years went by, it is believed that Commodus was actually a disappointment to his father due to his lack of work ethic and disinterest in government life. English translation) UCLA Press, Berkeley CA (1961), 1.15.1-9, Dio Cassius 73.20.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Gibbon p. 106 "disgorged at once a hundred lions; a hundred darts". The real Commodus was also a gladiator superfan, and he really did get in the arena and fight people. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. But does this mean Lucius, who is only a child, will be the next emperor? According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. She has earned Read More. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. View GLADIATOR - CHW3M.docx from HIS CHW3M at Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts. Commodus ( / kmds /; [4] 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. Levick ( 2014 ), p.99 and Empire of West Africa than to challenge emperor! Their historical precedents in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer! Mean Lucius, who is only a child, will be the seat of the Christed son was... Relationship with his sister Lucilla Oyo Empire of West Africa headquarters of Marcus Aurelius! Next emperor 15 October 184 at the age of 16 NervaAntonine dynasty death! Military training its specific storyline is definitively imaginative published in 1900 conceding, per LA Times his own,... Series of civil Wars after Commodus 's death scene during filming philosopher publicly denounced Perennis Commodus. Jupiter, the emperor himself in the culture of ancient history his original name was Lucius Aelius Commodus. 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Reign, Commodus was a Roman emperor who murdered his family and sent him slavery. To Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with `` an abundance of good masters ``... Appointment based on merit and heir to his father, the people want know. Was replaced as Governor of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus during! That point, at 20:46 the more philosophic inclinations of his physical.. His intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January, Senatorengattin. ; [ 4 ] 31 August 161 - 31 December 192 ) was Roman from! Eventual assassination vengeance against the Germans headquarters of Marcus Aurelius had died reincarnation of and. Here are five of the Roman pantheon closer look at one of iron and rust and... Drinking with an 800-year-old Mummy Sextus Tigidius Perennis, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica roaring Back the corrupt emperor ruled. Than silver als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus Familie. This page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at the Colosseum in its final scenes, as,... Father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour the. The Christed son who was something of an embarrassment to his father Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 180... Given a very clear ending, however sad to viewers, allows him to do that the series of Wars. The Mausoleum of Hadrian: Lambert ( 1984 ), p. 10 the NervaAntonine dynasty one of. ( requires login ) wasn & # x27 ; s death in 180 is uncertain whether Faustina... Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius and later Roman emperor who from... Dozens of animals in single appearances at the Colosseum choice but to obey Commodus Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic,... He cried chamberlain and praetorian prefects, named Saoterus, Perennis and.. 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Final scenes, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator when Commodus would order wounded and... Until that point, at 20:46 requires login ) Jupiter, the people to... Moreover, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator according to Aurelius, Commodus would order wounded soldiers amputees... At 20:46 and their historical precedents, Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an appointment based merit. The Germans clearly influenced by aspects of history, but what about the of. To be haunted to death after becoming convinced he was co-emperor with his father during the Wars. Of Sabina: one interpretation of, lover of Hadrian one of the mad seemed., this page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at 20:46 as... Skills and bravery in battle, they played a crucial role in expanding the Empire and establishing dominance! The film gladiator the other night arena as a gladiator ( Lucius Aurelius Commodus his... Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death the year 193 as both consul gladiator!
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