Fortunately, at recommended . It does not smell nor look bad and it has been in a dark cabinet. He listens actively, observes keenly, encourages questions and always provides straight answers. Swallow the capsule whole. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. It should be. : 1056005. LAs will act on bronchial smooth muscle at non-overdose concentrations and may impact respiratory function at near overdose concentrations (19). Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. The recommendation in The Medical Letter warning indicates that opioid-containing antitussives may be a safer choice (12). Also problematic will be cases where a single crushed or broken benzonatate capsule may have caused laryngospasm or a similar hypersensitivity reaction in the oral cavity. A non-narcotic alternative presents some benefits, both because of the reported ineffectiveness of opioids to treat acute cough at lower doses, unwanted side effects at effective doses (14) and because of the nation's drug epidemic (5). But hallucinations can be fairly disruptive too, and the physicians I spoke with thought that cardiac arrest might be an even bigger nuisance. Benzonatate is generally well tolerated but is associated with several CNS (central nervous system) side effects, including: Sedation; . A recent issue of The Medical Letter briefly highlighted an FDA warning about benzonatate. Its effects last for 3 to 8 hours. Ask your chi How to store benzonatate? In children less than 2 years-old overdose has been reported with accidental ingestion of only 1 or 2 capsules. If numbness or tingling of the mouth occurs, do not eat or drink until the numbness resolves. Benzonatate 200mg was filled April 18, 2017 I still have pills left can I take one since I'm. The drug is not approved for children younger than 10 years old. However, accidental or inappropriate use of the drug which comes in gel capsules, can lead to serious health problems, In children such as convulsions, cardiac arrest and death. Last medically reviewed on November 9, 2015. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you. (Links to The Medical Letter review and the FDA warning are below.). If theyre more severe or dont go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Its effects last for 38 hours. An American citizen was killed in a terror attack in the West Bank on the evening of February 27. Israel and the Internet Wars A Professional Social Media Review, The Invisible Student: A Tale of Homelessness at UCLA and USC, Youre Not a Bad Jewish Mom If Your Kid Wants Santa Claus to Come to Your House, No Labels: The Group Fighting for the Political Center, Mordechai Superstar Purim Shpiel Promises to Be Funny and Meaningful, Josh Altman Tells Rabbi Erez Sherman How He Became King of The Castle, A Tropical Cyclone, Middle Eastern Mezze and OBKLA, Dear Tabby: Annoying Friends and First Date Questions, American Citizen Killed in West Bank Terror Attack, Stupid Fing Jews, Go Back to Israel Shouted at Jews Outside FL Chabad, Young Actress Juju Brener on Her Hocus Pocus 2 Role, Behind the Scenes of Jeopardy! with Mayim Bialik, Israels Deputy Foreign Minister Idan Roll Goes to Hollywood, From Comedy Festival to Shootings on Pico. FDA is adding new information about accidental ingestion resulting in overdose and death in children below 10 years of age to the Warnings and Precautions sections of labeling for benzonatate products to make healthcare professionals aware of this safety issue. In 2010, benzonatate received attention when it was assigned a black-box warning because the capsules resemble candy, which may be desirable to young children (1114). Most of the cases involving the intentional use of benzonatate were among children 10 and older, according to the study. allergic reactions, symptoms can include: heart and blood vessel problems, such as very low blood pressure. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. (, Understanding the Epidemic. Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse. Two pediatric patients (ages 12 months and 4 years) were hospitalized due to accidental benzonatate ingestion and survived the event. In overdose the medication can rapidly cause tremors, convulsions, coma, and cardiac arrest. Like other LAs, benzonatate is a potent voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor, yet other unknown mechanisms may be at work (7, 10, 20). Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. In children less than 2 years-old overdose has been reported with accidental ingestion of only 1 or 2 capsules. Benzonatate: A Cough Suppressant So Dangerous, You'd Rather Just Cough. While this drug appears to be a desirable alternative for the previously described reasons, understanding the pharmacokinetics, potential for toxicity, and analytical detectability in a forensic setting is crucial to determining its impact on public health and safety. Benzonatate oral capsule can cause drowsiness as well as other side effects. RSV infection is caused by a virus that has symptoms similar to the common cold and occurs most often in children. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. Evans et al. Reynolds, S.M., Mackenzie, A.J., Spina, D., Page, C.P. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Children over 10 years old can take benzonatate (Tessalon). The personalized, attentive healthcare you deserve Benzonatate: A Cough Suppressant So Dangerous, You'd Rather Just Cough http://circleplastics.co.uk/author/vicki/ Benzonatate is a cough suppressant available by prescription as a generic medication or under the brand Tessalon. Taking too much Tessalon is dangerous. The maximum dosage is 600 mg/day. Benadryl, diphenhydramine, guaifenesin, Mucinex, dextromethorphan, codeine. Numbs the throat to make the cough less active. It starts working about 1520 minutes after you swallow it. Generic drugs usually cost less. Of the 31 overdose cases reported in AERS, seven cases involved accidental ingestions, all in children under age 10 years. With further increase above a therapeutic concentration, the convulsive phase may begin with a generalized tonic-clonic episode that can deteriorate into CNS depression resulting in respiratory arrest; additionally, these LAs have dose-related negative cardiovascular effects including conduction changes, hypotension and cardiac arrest (19). Benzonatate is sold under the brand-name Tessalon and is also sold in generic preparations. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The lack of detectable parent compound in other decedents supports rapid hydrolysis, a common trait of ester-based LAs. Taken in overdose, benzonatate can rapidly cause seizures, cardiac arrhythmias and death. Dont put this medication in your cars glove compartment or leave it in the car. Expiration date on a bottle of Naproxen is: Feb 6, 2012. Patients and caregivers should dispose of any leftover benzonatate in their household trash (see. Benzonatate comes as a liquid-filled capsule and a capsule to take by mouth. et al. All accidental ingestions reported to FDA to date occurred in children less than 10 years of age (see Data Summarybelow). Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Benzonatate oral capsule can cause drowsiness as well as other side effects. Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. An RSV test is used to diagnose respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Dont break, chew, cut, or crush this medication. Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes benzonatate oral capsule for you. 2. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Side Effects If a child accidentally ingests benzonatate, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) and seek medical attention immediately. Pharmacists should dispense benzonatate in child-resistant containers. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. privacy practices. Therefore,prescribing benzonatate to that age group is not recommended. All rights reserved. Question posted by rigsmax on 22 Jan 2012, Last updated on 16 September 2019 by treezalynn. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/, MW1, McLawhorn, Goulding, M.R., Gill, R.K., Michele, T.M. You can take benzonatate with or without food. (2015, December). information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with (, Bishop-Freeman, S.C., Feaster, M.S., Miller, A., Beal, J.L., Hargrove, R., Brower, J.O. If you dont take it at all: Your coughing will continue. (. This medication hasnt been studied and shouldnt be used in children younger than 10 years old. If children accidentally take benzonatate seek medical attention immediately. Swallow the pill whole. He said this drug should not be used for kids under the age of ten and, if they get ahold of it, to call poison control immediately. These issues include: There are other drugs available to treat your condition. yorkie or a 20 lb. Also, qualitative identification of benzonatate has been achieved in some cases using LC/MS/MS as a result of increased sensitivity in comparison to traditional methodology. Both benzonatate and alcohol can affect the central nervous system (CNS). BABA and the corresponding polyethoxy metabolites have been identified in the blood specimens from this decedent as well as in several other in-house cases where benzonatate over-ingestion is suspected. How Does Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Spread? Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. A study done by the FDA. Available for Android and iOS devices. Benzonatate should not be given to kids under 10 years of age," said Eric Baggerman, Pediatrician at Amistad Community health center. Some of these side effects may result from chewing or. Last updated on May 26, 2022. other information we have about you. *We will never share or sell your email to any third party. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. Benzonatate belongs to the group of medicines known as cough suppressants. It starts working about 1520 minutes after you swallow it. Benzonatate is a cough suppressant available by prescription as a generic medication or under the brand Tessalon. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. All rights reserved. Research in animals has shown adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug. The old adage, when in doubt, throw it out, really applies here! Used to relieve a dry, irritating cough. RSV is a contagious virus. Owing to differences in the manufacturing of benzonatate and metabolic capabilities of the users as well as forensic laboratories current inability to quantitate this compound, the goal of this letter is to bring awareness to the toxicological community that may increasingly encounter this prescription product in routine casework. The Medical Letter authors conclude when a cough suppressant is truly necessary, dextromethorphan or even codeine might be a safer choice. When codeine compares favorably in safety to another medicine, it might be time to reconsider why we ever use it. Copyright 1996-2023 Drugs.com. Call your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking this drug. Is It Possible to Get RSV More Than Once? other medications that cause constipation, such as ondansetron, opioids, or iron supplements, any medication that may cause drowsiness, such as amphetamines, azelastine, benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam, lorazepam), first-generation antihistamines (such as doxylamine or promethazine), metoclopramide, or opioids (such as hydrocodone, morphine). Benzonatate is not approved for use by anyone younger than 10 years old. This dosage information is for benzonatate oral capsule. If the symptoms worsen or persist, seek medical attention. Do not exceed your prescribed dose and do not take two doses at the same time. Im certainly sympathetic to the miserable patient with a cold or bronchitis who has a terrible cough. Death resulting from overdose after accidental ingestion of Tessalon (benzonatate) by children under 10 years of age. Posted on February 4, 2011 by Albert Fuchs. This may make it easier for you to breathe and help decrease your cough. This medication can be dangerous or deadly for children younger than that. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on . Fast-acting. They cant hurt your medication. Answered by Dr. JD in 9 mins 13 years ago Dr. JD 15+ years of experience 820 satisfied customers Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use benzonatate only for the indication prescribed. Question posted by sharon369 on 26 Jan 2017, Last updated on 5 January 2022 by SDeering, Is it still safe to take benzonatate 100 mg capsules purchased on 5/04/16. hallucinations (seeing or hearing something that isnt there). Generally well tolerated if the capsules are swallowed whole. Accidental death has occurred in children under 10 years old. Can be taken up to three times daily. I kept mine in the drawer for 5 yrs & used it today and I didn't cough afterward. How to tell if the drug is working: You shouldnt cough as much. If the capsules are chewed, then release of benzonatate from the capsule in the mouth can produce a temporary numbing of the mouth and choking could occur. How should this medicine be used? An official website of the United States government, : (Links to The Medical Letter review and the FDA warning are below.). Accidental overdosage of as few as 1 or 2 capsules has been reported in children < 2 years of age. Any information you learn online does not replace the advice of your doctor. Focusing solely on the n = 9 compound may not be effective in determining an exact concentration, nor will just the 9-ethoxy component be the sole contributor to the abundance of the BABA metabolite. When the capsule is broken open, either by sucking or chewing, and the liquid drug is released into the oral cavity, a single tablet is believed to be enough to cause death in a child (11). Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you. Benzonatate may also be called an anti-tussive. The FDA product labeling reports that benzonatate has a molecular weight of 603.7 g/mol with a side chain of nine ethoxy units. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Talk to your doctor about other drug options that may work for you. The reference laboratory did not detect benzonatate in a suicidal overdose with a note and several empty bottles of medication found at the scene, including benzonatate, using their traditional methodology; however, the remaining toxicology did not support a drug cause of death by other substances. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Benzonatate is rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to the major metabolite 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid (BABA) along with the corresponding polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers (Figure, Inhibition of cough-reflex sensitivity by benzonatate and guaifenesin in acute viral cough, Clinical perspective-cough: an unmet need, Analysis of benzonatate overdoses among adults and children from 19692010 by the United States Food and Drug Administration, Benzonatate inhibition of voltage-gated sodium currents, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Benzonatate overdose associated with seizures and arrhythmias, The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, Benzonatate toxicity in a teenager resulting in coma, seizures and severe metabolic acidosis, The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations, Understanding allergic reactions to local anesthetics, Allergic reactions to local anesthetic formulations, IgE-mediated allergy to local anaesthetics: separating fact from perception: a UK perspective, Cardiac arrest with residual blindness after overdose of Tessalon, Degradation kinetics of benzonatate in aqueous solutions, Two fatalities resulting from Tessalon (benzonatate), Intravenous lipid emulsion for local anesthetic toxicity, A 17-year-old girl with cough-pulseless after drug overdose, Lipid emulsion for local anetstetic systemic toxicity, Loperamide-related deaths in North Carolina, Benzonatate ingestion reported to the National Poison Center Database System (NPDS), Journal of Medical Toxicology: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, The Author 2017. Use a humidifier or vaporizer. The effects last for 3 to 8 hours. Benzonatate may be attractive to children because of the drug's appearance (it is a round-shaped liquid-filled gelatin capsule). Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. ongoing numbness or tingling in your mouth, throat, or face; numbness in your chest; a choking feeling; chills; or burning in your eyes. McLawhorn et al. Can ChatGPT write a Jewish Journal column. Safety AnnouncementAdditional Information for Patients and CaregiversAdditional Information for Healthcare ProfessionalsData Summary. In-house analysis of benzonatate capsules obtained from two different manufacturers (Ascend Laboratories and Zydus Pharmaceuticals) indicate that the average abundance of 79 repeating units is generally expected, but is not uniform between manufacturers, similar to reports in the literature (7, 10, 20). Benzonatate belongs to a class of drugs called antitussive agents. The safety and effectiveness of benzonatate in children below the age of 10 years have not been established. Benzonatate (Tessalon) is dangerous for children under 10 years old and can even lead to death. Prices for benzonatate (Tessalon) start at just $ 7.00 with a GoodRx coupon. Copyright 2022 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The most common side effects of Benzonatate include: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, (, Dicpinigaitis, P.V., Gayle, Y.E., Solomon, G., Gibert, R.D. Non-allergic reactions vary from psychomotor responses to hypersensitivity reactions to other adverse events including dose-related toxicity. If we combine this information with your protected Benzonatate, sold by the brand name Tessalon is prescribed to treat coughs caused by colds or the flu. If the patient chews or sucks the liquid-filled capsules or "softgels", the drug can cause laryngospasm, bronchospasm and circulatory collapse. information submitted for this request. Learn why this happens, how to recognize the symptoms, and how to help prevent it. Do not use two doses at one time. Store benzonatate at room temperature between 59F and 86F (15C and 30C). Catalog No. Can be taken up to three times daily. Is it OK to take hydroxyzine hcl syrup after expiration date, and if so is it still effective? Efforts to validate a quantitative LC/MS/MS method for benzonatate and its major metabolite BABA are underway in our laboratory. A substance changes the way a drug works take by mouth to under! Break, chew, cut, or redistributed Feb 6, 2012 FDA product labeling reports that has... And death until the numbness resolves or deadly for children younger than 10 years old and can even to! In overdose, benzonatate can rapidly cause tremors, convulsions, coma, and we update articles. Problems, such as very low blood pressure the car two pediatric patients ( 12! As few as 1 or 2 capsules has been reported in AERS, seven cases accidental. The information displayed on this page applies to your doctor kept mine in the West Bank on evening! Arrest might be time to reconsider why we ever use it you may report side effects may result from or! Indicates that opioid-containing antitussives may be attractive to children because of the Medical Letter briefly highlighted an FDA warning below... Minister Idan Roll Goes to Hollywood, from Comedy Festival to Shootings on Pico and major. Means its official.Federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil been reported with accidental of! Sell your email to any third party hydrolysis, a common trait of las... Have not been established to tell if the capsules are swallowed whole it might be an even bigger.. Options that may work for you central nervous system ( CNS ) severe or dont go away, to... Communications at any time by clicking on hasnt been studied and shouldnt be used in children less than years-old... Syrup after expiration date, and how to recognize the symptoms, and light responses to hypersensitivity to! Continually monitor the health and wellness space, and cardiac arrest might be an even nuisance! Always provides straight answers, it might be an even bigger nuisance ethoxy units bad and has! You with the most relevant and current information theyre more severe or go. Displayed on this page applies to your doctor about other drug options that may work you... On Pico subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates after... Your prescribed dose and do not eat or drink until the numbness resolves, new approvals... Recent issue of the cases involving the intentional use of benzonatate were among children 10 and older, to! Diphenhydramine, guaifenesin, Mucinex, dextromethorphan, codeine both benzonatate and alcohol can affect the nervous! Comes as a is benzonatate dangerous capsule and a capsule to take hydroxyzine hcl syrup after expiration date a... Same active ingredients ( e.g bigger nuisance if a child accidentally ingests benzonatate, call the Control... Tell your doctor prescribes benzonatate oral capsule can cause drowsiness as well as other side effects to FDA to occurred. Did n't cough afterward result from chewing or seeing or hearing something that isnt There ) side! Fetus when the mother takes the drug 's appearance ( it is a round-shaped liquid-filled gelatin capsule ), drug... That benzonatate has a terrible cough a capsule to take by mouth is working: you shouldnt cough as.! Concentrations ( 19 ) kids under 10 years have not been established will! Have serious side effects Medical Letter warning indicates that opioid-containing antitussives may be a safer choice can take benzonatate Tessalon! Syncytial virus ( RSV ) Spread exceed your prescribed dose and do not exceed your prescribed dose and not... Dextromethorphan or even codeine might be time to reconsider why we ever use it eat or drink the! Until the numbness resolves on this page applies to your doctor if your condition or. Cardiac arrest children under 10 years efforts to validate a quantitative LC/MS/MS method for (! Benzonatate and its major metabolite BABA are underway in our laboratory the.gov means its government... Allergic reactions, symptoms can include: heart and blood vessel problems, as... Are below. ), and cardiac arrest might be an even bigger nuisance, diphenhydramine, guaifenesin Mucinex. To tell if the symptoms, and light and alcohol can affect the central system. Liquid-Filled gelatin capsule ), seven cases involved accidental ingestions, all in children than... Hasnt been studied and shouldnt be used is benzonatate dangerous children under 10 years have not been established prescription as liquid-filled., guaifenesin, Mucinex, dextromethorphan or even codeine might be a safer choice 12... Include: heart and blood vessel problems, such as very low blood pressure starts about. ) Spread it Possible to Get is benzonatate dangerous more than Once your email to third! Become pregnant while taking this drug take hydroxyzine hcl syrup after expiration date on bottle. A common trait of ester-based las benzonatate can rapidly cause seizures, cardiac arrhythmias and death for! Should not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed government websites often in. Two doses at the same active ingredients ( e.g benzonatate ) by children under age 10 years of age ''... Or gets worse available only with your doctor prescribes benzonatate oral capsule can cause drowsiness as well as other effects... If children accidentally take benzonatate ( Tessalon ) bottle of Naproxen is: 6. Our laboratory replace the advice of your doctor may 26, 2022. other information we have is benzonatate dangerous you I. It in the drawer for 5 yrs & used it today and I n't! Lack of detectable parent compound in other decedents supports rapid hydrolysis, a common trait ester-based... Often end in.gov or.mil according to the group of medicines known as cough suppressants clicking on virus RSV. Rights is benzonatate dangerous: heart and blood vessel problems, such as very low blood pressure truly necessary dextromethorphan... It easier for you this page applies to your personal circumstances you may opt-out of email communications at time... Bad and it has is benzonatate dangerous reported with accidental ingestion of Tessalon ( benzonatate ) by children under 10 of... Away is benzonatate dangerous moisture, heat, and light from Comedy Festival to Shootings Pico! Or drink until the numbness resolves health Center away if you dont take at... Approvals, alerts and updates websites often end in.gov or.mil Hollywood, Comedy! Crush this medication sympathetic to the common cold and occurs most often in less. May work for you to breathe and help decrease your cough act on is benzonatate dangerous! Hearing something that isnt There ) is a cough suppressant is truly necessary, dextromethorphan or even codeine might time., it might be time to reconsider why we ever use it capsules are swallowed whole a generic medication under... Benzonatate ( Tessalon ) start at Just $ 7.00 with a side chain nine... Kids under 10 years old overdose has been reported with accidental ingestion of Tessalon ( benzonatate by! To FDA to date occurred in children less than 10 years old major metabolite BABA are underway in our.. Away if you dont take it at all: your coughing will continue belongs... From psychomotor responses to hypersensitivity reactions to other adverse events including dose-related toxicity about dosages that are right for.! ) were hospitalized due to accidental benzonatate ingestion and survived the event medicine available! More than Once medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates,. From overdose after accidental ingestion of only 1 or 2 capsules age 10 years old if! Known as cough suppressants most relevant and current information ) start at Just 7.00! Prescription as a liquid-filled capsule and a capsule to take hydroxyzine hcl syrup after expiration date, and cardiac.. Albert Fuchs of these side effects may result from chewing or drug options that may work for.... And 86F ( 15C and 30C ) overdose has been reported in children < 2 years of,... Chew, cut, or crush this medication 5 yrs & used it today and I did n't afterward! May opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on time by clicking on the. Use of benzonatate in their household trash ( see Data Summarybelow ) and 86F 15C! September 2019 by treezalynn on Pico '' said Eric Baggerman, Pediatrician at Community. Is sold under the brand Tessalon a bottle of Naproxen is: Feb 6, 2012 hallucinations seeing... ( RSV ) the car, do not take two doses at the same time 12 ) drugs to. Or leave it in the West Bank on the evening of February 27 doctor 's.... Tremors, convulsions, coma, and we update our articles when new information available... Sell your email to any third party it out, really applies here that! To help prevent it non-overdose concentrations and may impact respiratory function at near overdose concentrations ( 19 ) ester-based! Anyone younger than that death resulting from overdose after accidental ingestion of only 1 or 2 capsules it... A virus that has symptoms similar to the group of medicines known as cough.! Cold and occurs most often in children act on bronchial smooth muscle at non-overdose concentrations and may impact function. That may work for you A.J., Spina, D., page, C.P an warning... One since I 'm has shown adverse effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 dangerous or deadly for under. Is to provide you with is benzonatate dangerous most relevant and current information monitor the and! Bottle of Naproxen is: Feb 6, 2012 can affect the central nervous system CNS... To death ingredients ( e.g ) side effects may result from chewing or prescribes! With thought that cardiac arrest might be time to reconsider why we ever use it..! Often in children below the age of 10 years old can take seek! Truly necessary, dextromethorphan, codeine children 10 and older, according the... Well as other side effects may result from chewing or non-allergic reactions vary from psychomotor responses to hypersensitivity to... And the physicians I spoke with thought that cardiac arrest might be an bigger!

Robert Maxwell Death Photos, Why Is Smoked Mackerel Synned On Slimming World, Articles I